BatmanAoD

joined 1 year ago
[–] BatmanAoD 3 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago)

On the one hand, you're right, C is waaaay higher-level than many people realize, and the compiler and processor do wild things to make code go faster. On the other hand, the C abstract machine is close enough to how computers "really work" to give you a fairly useful mental model, in a way that no other mainstream high-level language can.

Even so, if you want to know how low-level code works, you should probably just learn one or more actual assembly languages and write a few small programs that way.

C has another advantage, though: firmware, OS kernels, and virtual machines (other than browser JS engines) are still almost entirely written in C. So while it doesn't teach you accurately how processors work, it is relevant if you want to know about the system software that meditates between the hardware and high-level software.

[–] BatmanAoD 20 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (3 children)

[warning: "annoying Rust guy" comment incoming]

I don't think Rust is perfect, but arguably I do "idolize" it, because I genuinely think it's notably better both in design and in practice than every other language I've used. This includes:

  • C
  • C++
  • Java
  • C#
  • Kotlin
  • Scala
  • Python
  • Ruby
  • JavaScript (...I've barely used this, but I doubt my opinion would change on this one)
  • Perl
  • Go
  • Bash (...look, I've had to write actual nontrivial scripts with loops and functions, so yes, Bash is a real language; it just sucks)
  • Tcl/Tk (if you don't know, don't ask)
  • CommonLisp (...again, I've barely used this, and I wish I had more experience with this and other Lisps)

In a literal sense, I agree that all (practical) languages "are flawed." And there are things I appreciate about all of the above languages (...except Tcl/Tk), even if I don't "like" the language overall. But I sincerely believe that statements like "all languages are flawed" and "use the best tool for the job" tend to imply that all (modern, mainstream) languages are equally flawed, just in different ways, which is absolutely not true. And in particular, it used to be true that all languages made tradeoffs between a fairly static, global set of binary criteria:

  • safety/correctness versus "power" (i.e. low-level system control)
  • safety/correctness versus run-time efficiency (both parallelism and high single-thread performance)
  • ease-of-use/ease-of-learning versus "power" and runtime-efficiency
  • implementation simplicity versus feature-richness
  • build-time versus run-time efficiency
  • type-safety versus runtime flexibility

Looking at these, it's pretty easy to see where most of the languages in my list above fall on each side of each of these criteria. What's special about Rust is that the core language design prevents a relatively novel set of tradeoffs, allowing it to choose "both" for the first two criteria (though certainly not the latter three; the "ease-of-use" one is debatable) at the expense of higher implementation complexity and a steeper learning curve.

The great thing about this isn't that Rust has "solved" the problem of language tradeoffs. It's that Rust has broadened the space of available tradeoffs. The assumption that safety necessarily comes at a runtime cost was so pervasive prior to Rust that some engineers still believe it. But now, Rust has proven, empirically, that this is not the case! And so my ultimate hope for Rust isn't that it becomes ubiquitous; it's that it inspires even better languages, or at least, more languages that use concepts Rust has brought to the mainstream (such as sum-types) as a means to explore new design tradeoff spaces. (The standard example here is a language with a lightweight garbage-collecting runtime that also has traits, sum-types, and correct-by-default parallelism.)

There are other languages that, based on what I know about them, might inspire the same type of enthusiasm if I were to actually use them more:

  • Erlang
  • Gleam
  • OCaml
  • Swift

...but, with the exception of Swift, these are all effectively "niche" languages. One notable thing about Rust is that its adoption has actually been rather astounding, by systems language standards. (Note that D and Ada never even got close to Rust's popularity.)

[–] BatmanAoD 3 points 2 months ago

This comment? https://fedia.io/m/[email protected]/t/1239473/-/comment/7462582

I honestly do not understand what similarity you see between "this post seems like it will make linguists angry" and "the languages in this joke actually use English keywords and standard library names." The post isn't even about keywords and names.

[–] BatmanAoD 6 points 2 months ago (1 children)

To be pedantic, I didn't ask a question, I just said I was surprised! I am still surprised.

[–] BatmanAoD 13 points 2 months ago (3 children)

Surprised nobody has complained so far about the Rust comparison. I guess any objection would appear to prove the point, or at least reinforce the "evangelist" stereotype.

[–] BatmanAoD 8 points 2 months ago (3 children)

From your comment, I'm not convinced you do get it. You wrote a lot of words completely beside the point of the joke, which is a series of analogies, not a statement about the natural languages involved in the creation of programming languages.

[–] BatmanAoD 2 points 2 months ago

I wonder what the best programming analogue is for combining words into one where other languages keep them separate; maybe the functional-style chains of adapters?

[–] BatmanAoD 3 points 2 months ago

Ah. Rust's macros and the C preprocessor's exist in vastly different universes. The C preprocessor is literally just a fancy programmatic copy-and-paste tool. Rust macros read the input source code and then execute other source code (the macro definition) to generate new source code that the compiler then reads.

I love Rust, but Rust macros are arguably more of a footgun than compile-time reflection would be, and as amazing as serde is (and no, there's nothing comparable in standard-compliant C++ yet), there's a strong argument that compile-time reflection would be a preferable technique for deriving serialization, argument-parsing, and similar feature.

[–] BatmanAoD 1 points 2 months ago (2 children)

What macros or attributes provide serialization in C++?

[–] BatmanAoD 6 points 2 months ago (1 children)

For runtime reflection, no, you'd specifically be able to do things that would be impossible to optimize out.

But the proposal is actually for static (i.e. compile-time) reflection anyway, so the original performance claim is wrong.

[–] BatmanAoD 9 points 2 months ago

If you look at the proposal, this is specifically "static reflection", i.e. compile-time reflection. So it doesn't actually have any of the downsides you mention, as far as I can tell.

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