After getting angry at Lua for bugs reappearing after fixing them, and otherwise having issues with making it interoperable with my own language of choice (D), I decided to roll out my own VM out, with some enhanced optional features compared to regular Lua (type safety, static arrays on the stack, enhanced metatables, etc.), and also allowing the potential of other scripting languages to be ported to the VM. As I already have crafted a VM for a programmable MIDI format (M2: Docs / Implementation ; bit incomplete as of now), I thought it'll be easy, just don't optimize this time entirely around preallocation (M2 has 128 not entirely general purpose registers per pattern (musical thread) + 128 shared registers + shared arrays), add stack handling, add heap handling, add more types, etc.
Thus I begun working on PingusVM, to contribute to the problem of ever growing number of standards.
However, as time went by, I had to realize (just like every time I've added another engine feature) that it's way more complicated, especially as I have realized mid-development that I had a lot of oversight on design. Not only that, I have a lot of other projects, such as the game engine I've originally intended the VM for. My main issue is, potential candidates either lack integer support, or are very bloated (I don't need a second XML DOM parser, etc). Lua kind of worked, but after I fixed an issue (which was hard as every tutorial implied you just wanted to load a file directly instead of having the ability of loading the text directly) a very similar one reappeared, while following every tutorial possible. Others would lead me to introduce some C-style build system, as they would need "hard linking" to my engine, and that "hard linking" is why I had to halt development of my image library, as I would have needed to introduce a build system into my project for the LZW codec (required for GIF files).
Once I fixed the load function (which in my case, involved looking up how that function worked and what I needed to call to get things working), I had a very similar issue without any error messages or whatsoever, things just didn't work, and before that, I already had issues with using Lua functionalities like Metatables, due to the clunky nature of its API.
I need at least some bytecode, since I need some way to get some OS and CPU-independent loadable code (scripts). Sure, I could use DLL files (and their other OS equivalents), but then I introduce a massive hurdle of having to compile scripts for each CPU architecture and OS combinations (as well as potential for more serious security issues), even if it had a lot of speed benefits.
I think I'll try to continue pushing forward with it, but restrict my time spent on it as a "lower priority" project. I did try to look up whether there's a way to use LLVM as a host for scripts, because no way I'm going to touch WASM with a 10 meter long pole (TL;DR: I have started learning programming during the whole "web app" and "the web is the future" craze, seeing other libraries for "app portability" and the teaching optimization being abandoned in favor of electron and "there will be a big strong server on the backend" really broke my heart.)
I think that you should look into WASM a little more closely because it is not web-specific at all; it is more like an alternative to the JVM that is a bit lower level and designed to be interpreted/JIT compiled more efficiently. You do not need to embed a web browser or anything similarly heavy into your app to use it; you can just use via Wasmtime, which is a library written in Rust with bindings to other languages that is officially supported by the maintainers of the WASM standard.
Thank you, I think I'll instead write a D language binding to wasmtime. I did a few such projects in the past and only gave up during an attempt of making one for Pipewire (that thing is massive with way more files), I think I can do it yet again with wasmtime.
I don't have enough experience yet with WASM; ultimately, it's bytecode, right? So the same rules apply. Note I didn't make an exception for dynamically linked programs; the more components in your stack that are variable, the more instability you have.
But it sounds like you're doing a sort of plug-in system, and that involves instability by design. Using WASM seems far easier that implementing a bespoke Lua VM.