Python

My random shitty opinion, don't take it personally, I didn't slept well, also I'm late for work:

README: you use both py and python3, choose one because I'm confused! Also you say "Navigate to ./src/" No, I'm a lazy user and I want instructions that I can copy-paste, it's always better when you clone a random project (especially at work) and be able to copy-paste, like:

1. Install Python 3 (and NOT "make sure..." it's confusing, how would I make sure? Your code could be used by non-programmers you know? also put a link to python.org too)
2. Run:

py -m pip install -r requirements.txt
cd src/
py main.py

3. Do this
4. Do that
5. (...)

Be affirmative! Also "This will install pip" could be wrong on most systems, remove that sentence if not true.

Still in the README, why should I run the thing from src? Is your application broken if I I do "py src/main.py"? What happens?

It seems like the GUI and the code that watermarks are mixed and that's annoying. If it was clearly separated, you could make a command-line versions of your application in 5 minutes without changing the GUI, for example with argparse.

Why is there so much code to set the layout in main.py? Put that stuff in Layout, I don't want to see that in my main. Also do "def main(): ..." and "if __name__ == '__main__'" or something, it's cleaner, and it prevents errors if I "import main"

Do you really really need all those members variables? I understand that Tk is weird, but ImageManager has 12 members, main has 3 instead of 1 (the main "Window"), and Layout has a billion members. For example total_columns and total_rows are not used in Layout.py, that's confusing. ImageManager.SAVE_DIR and IMAGE_RESIZE_FACTOR are constants, move them out. DEFAULT_FOLDER is only used once, merge it with TEST_BG, that kind of thing.

ImageManager.path_is_valid is useless and potentially harmful because you're duplicating standard code, remove it and use path.exists, no need to replicate the standard library, and other coders know what's inside the path module, they don't know what's in your code and why it's different from the standard modules because they'll think "if it's there, it must do something special!" (but it's not special at all here)

Ideally you shouldn't put testing code in your main code. TEST_BG and TEST_FG will have to be removed. I understand why it's there, it's faster for your test, but it always show that the architecture has flaws. For example here, it shows that you forgot to make it possible to load those things on the command line, like main.py --test-bg space.png --test-fg python-watermark.png or better main.py --bg space.png --fg python-watermark.png, see? You have the beginning of a command-line application!

On GitHub you have 6 branches, that's madness. Merge them all one at a time, or delete them. Too many experiments are not good.

You commit messages are good and expressive, that's nice! Also I see that you used the standard .gitignore for Python on GitHub, that very nice and way better than doing one from scratch who will miss a lot of stuff.

I'll come back later if I can.

Edit: there is hardcoded paths "/home/mike/code" and no default pictures, I can't test it right now, that's something to fix too.

def path_is_valid(path: Path) -> bool:
    if not path.exists():
        return False
    return True

There's no reason for this function to exist. Can you see why?

If I was gonna make a suggestion, it would be to use some formatting tool such as black to make sure your code is styled in a standard way.

I can give you some basic Python set-up advice (which is hard-won because nobody tells you this stuff):

1. Use pyproject.toml, not requirements.txt. It's better and it's the recommended way.
2. Always use type annotations. I saw you used it a bit - well done! But just use it everywhere. Add declarations & type annotations for your class member variables. You'll thank me later! Also prefer Pyright to Mypy; it is far far better (and the default for VSCode).
3. I would recommend using Black to autoformat your code. It's easily the best Python formatter. You can automate it using pre-commit.
4. ALWAYS PUT MAIN IN A FUNCTION. You should not run any code at a global scope. Do it like this:

def main():
  ...

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

There are two reasons:

1. Generally it's good to keep variables to the smallest scope possible. Putting everything in a global scope will just mean people start using it in their functions, and then you have a mess.
2. Any code you put in a global scope gets run when you import a module. Importing a module should not have any side effects.

Other minor things:

1. Path has a crazy/neat override of the / operator so you can do Path("foo") / "bar" / "baz.txt".
2. Don't use assert for stuff that the user might reasonably do (like not choosing a background image). assert is meant to be for things that you know are true. You are asserting them. Like "hey Python, this is definitely the case".
3. TK is an ancient shitty GUI toolkit. I would recommend QT instead (though it will probably be more pain to set up).