cross-posted from: https://lemmy.srcfiles.zip/post/32334
What is Kubler?
Kubler is a generic, extendable build orchestrator, written in Bash. It can be used to take advantage of Portage’s features to build lightweight Docker or Podman images without needing to mess with crossdev, or as a tool to assist with ebuild development.
Why should you use it?
- You like lightweight, easy-to-create, containers
- You want to reduce the attack surface by including only what’s required
- You want to take advantage of
USEflags to manage package features- You want the awesome package library offered by the Gentoo ebuild repository (and other ebuild repos)
- You want up-to-date containers
- You want a containerised environment for building and testing ebuilds
A real-world example
I recently needed to integrate a containerised application with a vendor-managed openldap instance that uses mTLS authentication. Unfortunately the containerised application does not work with mTLS and the vendor managed openldap instance can’t be easily configured to use anything else.
I came up with the solution of using openldap’s
lloaddLDAP load balancer daemon to proxy connections from an encrypted internal network to the LDAP server but was left with the issue that I didn’t have a working openldap container that containedlloadd- of the existing containers that I tried the only one that actually had anlloaddbin didn’t actually include required dependencies!Glossing over a recent ebuild update to openldap to enable the building of
lloadd, enter Kubler - It’s turned out to be an incredibly flexible and hands-off tool compared to trying to accomplish the same thing with (e.g.) Dockerfiles.Kubler in action
This (lightly sanitised) real-world example creates create a new namespace called ‘larry’ which may contain multiple images.
Use the
newcommand to take care of the boilerplate; choose ‘multi’ when asked for the namespace type:`$ kubler new namespace larry »»» »»» to accept default value »»» »»» Working dir type? Choices: »»» single - You can't add further namespaces to the created working dir, it only holds images »»» multi - Creates a working dir that can hold multiple namespaces »[?]» Type (single): multi »»» »»» Top level directory name for new namespace 'larry'? The directory is created at /data/development/gentoo-containers/ »[?]» Namespaces Dir (kubler-images): »»» »»»»» Initial image tag, a.k.a. version? »[?]» Image Tag (20230706): »»» »[!]» New namespace location: /data/development/gentoo-containers/kubler-images/larry »»» »»»»» Who maintains the new namespace? »[?]» Name (Your Name): Larry the Cow »[?]» EMail ([email protected]): [email protected] »»» »»»»» Default build engine? »[?]» Engine (docker): »»» »[✔]» Successfully created "larry" namespace at /data/development/gentoo-containers/kubler-images »»» »[!]» Configuration file: /data/development/gentoo-containers/kubler-images/larry/kubler.conf »»» »[!]» To manage the new namespace with GIT you may want to run: »»» »»» $ git init /data/development/gentoo-containers/kubler-images/larry »»» »[!]» To create images in the new namespace run: »»» »»» $ cd /data/development/gentoo-containers/kubler-images/larry $ kubler new image larry/Although not strictly required, installing Kubler’s example images is a good idea.
$ cd larry/ $ kubler updateIt is worthwhile to begin tracking this new namespace with Git so that images can be tracked as they are created and updated. Kubler has already placed a prepopulated a
.gitignorefile for convenience.pushd /data/development/gentoo-containers/kubler-images/larry git init . git add . git commit -m "Initial commit" popdCreate the new ‘openldap’ within the existing ‘larry’ namespace, based on the ‘kubler/busybox’ image.
kubler new image larry/openldap »»» »»» to accept default value »»» »»» Extend an existing Kubler managed image? Fully qualified image id (i.e. kubler/busybox) or scratch »[?]» Parent Image (scratch): kubler/busybox »»» »»» Add test template(s)? Possible choices: »»» hc - Add a stub for Docker's HEALTH-CHECK, recommended for images that run daemons »»» bt - Add a stub for a custom build-test.sh script, a good choice if HEALTH-CHECK is not suitable »»» yes - Add stubs for both test types »»» no - Fck it, we'll do it live! »[?]» Tests (hc): yes »»» »[✔]» Successfully created new image at /data/development/gentoo-containers/kubler-images/larry/images/openldap »»»Note: This step is ‘‘not’’ required; it is possible to directly edit the
build.shfile if you are familiar with Portage.Kubler brings a unique feature to the table when constructing an container image: the
--interactivebuild argument. As the name implies, this launches the build container in an interactive manner, enabling users to investigate the current / inherited configuration.$ kubler build larry/openldap -iThis will build any missing parent images/builders; the first run may take quite a bit of time - once the local binary package cache and build containers are seeded future runs will be much faster. Once the prerequisite images are ready the build container will present a shell.
For first-time users it may be convenient to search for the openldap package to ensure that the correct atom is selected and investigate any USE flags that are of interest:
# eix openldap * net-nds/openldap Available versions: 2.4.59-r2^t 2.5.14(0/2.5)^t 2.6.3-r7(0/2.6)^t ~2.6.4-r1(0/2.6)^t ~2.6.4-r2(0/2.6)^t {argon2 autoca +berkdb +cleartext crypt cxx debug experimental gnutls iodbc ipv6 kerberos kinit minimal odbc overlays pbkdf2 perl samba sasl selinux sha2 smbkrb5passwd ssl static-libs +syslog systemd tcpd test ABI_MIPS="n32 n64 o32" ABI_S390="32 64" ABI_X86="32 64 x32"} Homepage: https://www.openldap.org/ Description: LDAP suite of application and development toolsEdit the image’s build script:
nano /config/build.shNote: The
/configdirectory in the build container is the host mounted image directory atlarry/images/openldap/. Feel free to use a local IDE/editor to editbuild.shinstead.Add the
net-nds/openldapandnet-misc/curlpackages to the_packagesvariable inbuild.sh, update cURL USE flags, enable the~arch(~amd64 - the Gentoo ‘testing’ keyword) for packages we care about:_packages="net-nds/openldap net-misc/curl" ... configure_rootfs_build() { # Update a Gentoo package use flag. update_use 'net-misc/curl' '+ldap' # ..or a Gentoo package keyword update_keywords 'net-misc/curl' '+~amd64' update_keywords 'net-nds/openldap' '+~amd64' ... }Note: If using the busybox image as a parent, unset the
suUSE flag fromsys-apps/util-linuxin thebuild.sh.Perform a test run of the first build phase:
$ kubler-build-rootOnce this completes successfully exit the interactive builder using
exit.Building the image
Assuming that
build.shhas been configured as described above, it should be safe to attempt to build the image.$ kubler build larry/openldap -nF »[✘]»[larry/openldap]» fatal: build-test.sh for image larry/openldap:20230704 failed with exit signal: 1Note: The arguments are short hand for
--no-depsand--force-full-image-build, omitting-nwould also rebuild all parent images, which is waste of time in this case.The build will fail, as expected, due to the
build-test.shscript not being implemented. This is a good time to implement thebuild-test.shscript, which will be used to verify that the image is functional.Note:
pipefailwill cause build-test.sh to fail on busybox-based images#!/usr/bin/env sh set -eo # Do some tests and exit with either 0 for healthy or 1 for unhealthy # Check that the openldap bin launches and provides some expected output /usr/lib/openldap/lloadd -VV 2>&1 | grep "OpenLDAP" || exit 1 exit 0Unfortunately this image is not suitable for a build-time docker health check via the
docker-healthcheck.shmechanism, so must be disabled inlarry/images/openldap/build.conf:POST_BUILD_HC=falseA health check suitable for your environment should be provided using standard docker syntax in the image’s
Dockerfile.templateinstead. Ensure that the provideddocker-healthcheck.shscript iS updated (or commented out of the dockerfile) as the default will fail.Modify the image’s
Dockerfile.templateto add any finishing touches, such as theENTRYPOINTorCMDdirectives. In this example the container will act as an LDAP proxy vialloadd; additional configuration will be provided at runtime by mounting the configuration into the container.FROM ${IMAGE_PARENT} LABEL maintainer="${MAINTAINER}" ADD rootfs.tar / COPY docker-healthcheck.sh /usr/bin/docker-healthcheck HEALTHCHECK --interval=60s --timeout=5s --start-period=5s --retries=3 CMD ["docker-healthcheck"] CMD ["/usr/lib/openldap/lloadd"]Re-run the build:
$ kubler build larry/openldap -nF »[✔]»[larry/openldap]» done.At this point the image should exist in the local Docker/Podman registry and be ready for use:
docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE larry/openldap 20230704 09347c55282b 2 minutes ago 56.4MB larry/openldap latest 09347c55282b 2 minutes ago 56.4MBHopefully this has been useful and you are now ready to build your own images! I’ve been incredibly impressed with how easy it is to use the tool (and it it’ll run from any distro with a recent version of Docker/Podman), and the quality of the resulting images. I’m a recent convert, but have updated the Gentoo Wiki with the above information (and some extra info on using it for ebuild development) and will be using Kubler in future wherever I need to create images.
Happy containering!
