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Python: Struggling with typing module's callable type (lemm.ee)

submitted 1 year ago by [email protected] to c/learn_programming

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I have encountered the typing module's callable type in a Python book, and saw it tangentially referenced in a couple of videos, but I still don't really grasp what it is for, when to choose to use it, and how it works. (The O'Reilly text I am mostly using is more of a desktop reference than a textbook.)

Hoping someone here might have a suggestion for a good YouTube explanation/demonstration.

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[–] jim 9 points 1 year ago

The first way to use it is with any type annotation: you just use it for documentation.

# int annotation
def add_1_to_number(x: int) -> int:
    return x + 1

# callable annotation
def printer(x: int, func: Callable[[int], int]) -> None:
    results = func(x)
    print(f"Your results: {results}")

These type annotations can help document and make editors parse your code to make suggestions/auto-complete work better.

The second way to use it is by creating a callable. A callable is an abstract base class that requires you to implement the __call__ method. Your new callable can be called like any function.

class Greeter(Callable):

    def __init__(self, greeting: str):
        self.greeting = greeting

    def __call__(self, name: str):
        print(f"{self.greeting}, {name}")


say_hello = Greeter("Hello") # say_hello looks like a function
say_hello("jim")  # Hello, jim