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Dark mode’s bright future: How dark mode will transform Wikipedia’s accessibility
(diff.wikimedia.org)
This is a most excellent place for technology news and articles.
Isn't #2 the only option?
Websites specifying color for foreground (or background) and assuming browsers will use whatever color they're expecting for the other has always existed, and still exists
If you're getting fancy and specifying colors, you can't cheap out and not specify all colors
If the browser ignores all your colors at that point, then it's displaying as the user intended
If you only specified some of the colors, it's a bug of the website
There are actually things websites can do which may be more common than you'd think. At a high level you could convert all the custom colours to HSV format and slightly lower the value and saturation according to some function. This is fairly common for images.