#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.010;

my $total = 0;

for my $line (<>) {
    my @nums = ($line =~ /\d/g);
    $total += $nums[0] * 10 + $nums[-1];
}

say $total;

#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;
use warnings;
use v5.010;

my %nums = (one => 1, two => 2, three => 3, four => 4, five => 5, six => 6, seven => 7, eight => 8, nine => 9);
$nums{$_} = $_ for 1..9;

my $regex = join "|", keys %nums;

my $total = 0;

for my $line (<>) {
    $line =~ /($regex)/;
    my $first_num = $nums{$1};

    my $window = 1;
    my $sub = substr $line, -1;
    while ($sub !~ /($regex)/) {
        $window ++;
        $sub = substr $line, -$window;
    }

    $sub =~ /($regex)/;
    my $second_num = $nums{$1};

    $total += $first_num * 10 + $second_num;
}

say $total;

Part 2 gave me a surprising amount of trouble. I resolved it by looking at longer and longer substrings from the end of the line in order to find the very last word even if it overlapped, which you can't do with normal regex split. I doubt this is the most efficient possible solution.

#!/usr/bin/env jq -n -R -f
[
  inputs
  # Split winning numbers | card
  | split(" | ")
  # Get numbers, remove game id
  | .[] |= [ match("\\d+"; "g").string | tonumber ] | .[0] |= .[1:]
  # Get score for each line
  | .[1] - (.[1] - .[0]) | length | select(. > 0) | pow(2; . - 1)
]

# Output total score sum
| add

Very suited to JQ, extra trick learned using: [ match("\\d+"; "g").string | tonumber ] as a parse all ints in line.

#!/usr/bin/env jq -n -R -f
[
  inputs
  # Split winning numbers | card
  | split(" | ")
  # Get numbers, remove game id
  | .[] |= [ match("\\d+"; "g").string | tonumber ] | .[0] |= .[1:]
  # Set number of cards to 1, and further cards count
  | .[1] - (.[1] - .[0]) | [ 1, length ]
]

| { cards: ., i: 0, l: length } | until (.i == .l;
  # Get number for current card
  .cards[.i][0] as $num
  # Increase range of futher cards, by current number
  | .cards[.i + range(.cards[.i][1]) + 1 ][0] += $num
  | .i += 1
)

# Output total sum of cards
| [ .cards[][0] ] | add

Not too much of an edit compared to part one, being able to easily do operations on range of indices is convenient.

#!/usr/bin/env jq -n -R -f

# Get and reduce every "pretty" line
reduce inputs as $line (
  0;
  # Add extracted number
  . + ( $line / "" | [ .[] | tonumber? ] | [first * 10 , last] | add )
)

#!/usr/bin/env jq -n -R -f

# Define string to num value map
{
  "one":   1,  "1": 1,
  "two":   2,  "2": 2,
  "three": 3,  "3": 3,
  "four":  4,  "4": 4,
  "five":  5,  "5": 5,
  "six":   6,  "6": 6,
  "seven": 7,  "7": 7,
  "eight": 8,  "8": 8,
  "nine":  9,  "9": 9
} as $to_num |

# Get and reduce every "pretty" line
reduce inputs as $line (
  0;
  . + (
    $line |
    # Try two capture two numbers
    capture("(^.*?(?(one|two|three|four|five|six|seven|eight|nine|[1-9])).*(?(one|two|three|four|five|six|seven|eight|nine|[1-9])).*?$)?") |
    # If no capture, get one number twice
    if .f == "" then $line | capture("^.*?(?(one|two|three|four|five|six|seven|eight|nine|[1-9]))") | .l = .f else . end |
    # Add extracted number
    $to_num[.f] * 10 + $to_num[.l]
  )
)

#!/usr/bin/env jq -n -R -f

# For each game: Is 12 red cubes, 13 green cubes, and 14 blue cubes possible ?
# Line Format =
# Game 1: 3 blue, 4 red; 1 red, 2 green, 6 blue; 2 green
[
  # Splitting input game id and content
  inputs / ": " |
  # Saving id
  (.[0] / " " | .[1] | tonumber ) as $id |
  # Parsing game
  .[1] / "; " | [
    .[] / ", " | [ .[] / " " | {(.[1]): .[0] | tonumber} ] | add |
    # Is given sample possible ?
    .red <= 12 and .green <= 13 and .blue <= 14
  ] |
  # If all samples possible, return id, else 0
  if all then $id else 0 end
] |

# Return sum of all possible game ids
add

#!/usr/bin/env jq -n -R -f

# Line Format =
# Game 1: 3 blue, 4 red; 1 red, 2 green, 6 blue; 2 green
[
  # Splitting input game id and content
  inputs / ": " |
  # Parsing game
  .[1] / "; " |
    [ .[] / ", " | [ .[] / " " | {(.[1]): .[0] | tonumber} ] | add ] |
    # Getting minimum required mumber for each color,
    # and computing the power
    {
      r: ([.[].red]   | max),
      g: ([.[].green] | max),
      b: ([.[].blue]  | max)
    } | .r * .g * .b
] |

# Return sum of all powers
add

#!/usr/bin/env jq -n -R -f

# Getting input with padding, and padded width
[ "." + inputs + "." ] as $inputs | ( $inputs[0] | length ) as $w |

# Working with flattened string, convert all symbols to '#'
[
  ([range($w) | "."]|join("")), # Padding
  $inputs[],
  ([range($w) | "."]|join(""))  # Padding
] | join("") | gsub("[^0-9.]";"#") as $inputs |

reduce (
  # Get all indices for symbols, in box pattern around symbols
  $inputs | indices("#")[] |
  . - $w -1  , . - $w , . - $w + 1 ,
  . - 1      , empty  , . + 1      ,
  . + $w - 1 , . + $w , . + $w + 1
) as $i (
  # Numbers containes bounding indices,
  # of numbers bordering symbols
  {numbers: []};

  # Test if current index isn't included in any found number
  def new_number($i): [ .numbers[] | .[0] <= $i and $i <= .[1] ] | any | not ;
  # Make "number" as bounding indices, by extending left and right
  def make_number($i):
    {a: $i, b: ($i+1 )}
      | until( $inputs[.a:.b] | test("^[^0-9]"); .a -= 1 )
      | until( $inputs[.a:.b] | test("[^0-9]$"); .b += 1 )
      | [ .a +1 , .b -1 ]
  ;

  # Add numbers if bordering symbol and new
  if ($inputs[$i:$i+1] | test("[0-9]")) and new_number($i) then .numbers += [ make_number($i) ] else . end
) |

# Output sum of all found numbers
[ .numbers[] | $inputs[.[0]:.[1]] | tonumber ] | add

#!/usr/bin/env jq -n -R -f

# Getting input with padding, and padded width
[ "." + inputs + "." ] as $inputs | ( $inputs[0] | length ) as $w |

# Working with flattened string, only keep gear '*' symbols
[
  ([range($w) | "."]|join("")), # Padding
  $inputs[],
  ([range($w) | "."]|join(""))  # Padding
] | join("") | gsub("[^0-9*]";".") as $inputs |

# Iterate over index positions of all gears
reduce ($inputs | indices("*")[]) as $i (
  0;
  # Re-use part-1 functions
  def new_number($i):
    [ .numbers[] | .[0] <= $i and $i <= .[1] ] | any | not
  ;
  def make_number($i):
    {a: $i, b: ($i+1 )}
      | until( $inputs[.a:.b] | test("^[^0-9]"); .a -= 1 )
      | until( $inputs[.a:.b] | test("[^0-9]$"); .b += 1 )
      | [ .a +1 , .b -1 ]
  ;
  # Reset and add numbers for each "box" ids
  def add_numbers($box_idx):
    reduce $box_idx[] as $i ({numbers:[]};
      if ($inputs[$i:$i+1] | test("[0-9]")) and new_number($i) then
        .numbers += [ make_number($i) ]
      else
        .
      end
    )
  ;
  add_numbers([
    $i - $w -1 , $i - $w , $i -$w + 1 ,
    $i - 1     , empty   , $i + 1     ,
    $i + $w - 1, $i + $w , $i + $w + 1
  ]).numbers as $numbers |

  if $numbers | length == 2 then
    # Add product if exactly two bordering numbers
    . += ( $numbers | map($inputs[.[0]:.[1]]|tonumber) | .[0] * .[1] )
  else
    .
  end
)

function calculate([string]$data) {
  # code for parsing data and calculating matches from pt1 here, check the github link if you like banal regexps
  # returns objects with the relevant fields being the card index and the match count
}

function calculateAccumulatedCards($data) {
    $cards = calculate $data # do pt1 calculations

    $cards 
    | ? MatchCount -gt 0 # otherwise the losing card becomes its own child and the search cycles to overflow
    | % { 
        $children = ($_.Index + 1) .. ($_.Index + $_.MatchCount)  # range of numbers corresponding to indices of cards won
        | % { $cards[$_ - 1] } # map to the actual cards
        | ? { $null -ne $_ }  # filter out overflow when index exceeds input length

        $_ | Add-Member -NotePropertyName Children -NotePropertyValue $children # add cards gained as children property
    }

    # do depth first search on every card and its branching children while counting every node
    # the recursive function is inlined in the foreach block because it's simpler than referencing it 
    # from outside the parallel scope
    $cards | % -Parallel {
        function traverse($card) {
            $script:count++        
            foreach ($c in $card.Children) { traverse($c) }
        }
        
        $script:count = 0 # script: means it's basically globally scoped
        traverse $_ 
        $script:count # pass node count to pipeline     
    } 
    | measure -sum    
    | % sum
}

After yesterday' fiddle-fest we are back with a straight-forward puzzle. Today we get the return of Manhattan distance, an AoC fav, but this time not spelled out to fool the crafty LLMs.

I made the initial decision not to "move" the galaxies in the initial map, but instead to store an offset that was increased whenever an empty row or column preceding the object was detected. This turned out to make part 2 really easy once I figured out the off-by-one error.