this post was submitted on 08 Sep 2024
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submitted 3 months ago* (last edited 3 months ago) by [email protected] to c/[email protected]
 

I would have asked this on a math community but I couldn't find an active one.

In a spherical geometry, great circles are "straight lines". As such, a triangle can have two or even three right angles to it.

But what if you go the long way around the back of the sphere? Is that still a triangle?

(Edit:) I guess it's a triangle! Fair enough; I can't think of what else you would call it. Thanks, everyone.

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[–] [email protected] 165 points 3 months ago* (last edited 3 months ago) (1 children)

Yes, but to be more specific, it is a spherical triangle.

[–] [email protected] 45 points 3 months ago

Spherical isosceles triangle, in this particular example.

[–] [email protected] 116 points 3 months ago (1 children)

This is an example of non-Euclidean geometry. In this non-Euclidean space, it is a triangle.

[–] [email protected] 21 points 3 months ago (1 children)

I am pleased to see that there is a section on Lovecraft in that article. He really loved his non-Euclidian geometry

[–] [email protected] 4 points 3 months ago (3 children)

as well as being really aggressively racist

[–] [email protected] 13 points 3 months ago

This inevitably comes up every time he is mentioned. Yes, he was very racist, even for the time. That mainly came forth from the fact that he was a very socially disturbed and scared person. Which isn't an excuse, nu i think we should be able to appreciate the amazing writing and the influence he has had on the literary (horror) landscape without just focusing on the fact that he was racist.

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[–] [email protected] 76 points 3 months ago (1 children)

It's got three angles, so I'd say so

[–] [email protected] 58 points 3 months ago (1 children)

Oh so that's why they call it that.

[–] towerful 28 points 3 months ago (1 children)

Just wait until you learn about the etymology of triceratops

[–] [email protected] 44 points 3 months ago (4 children)

It's got three ceratops of course

[–] [email protected] 16 points 3 months ago

Three knights can ride it; tri-sir-atop.

[–] [email protected] 7 points 3 months ago

But there's only one Michael Cera, how can this animal be topped with three of them!

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[–] [email protected] 61 points 3 months ago

The wonders of non-Euclidian geometry. Yes, this is a triangle, but as it exists in a non-Euclidian space, some rules you learned about in school which mostly teach Euclidian geometry, don't apply.

[–] [email protected] 30 points 3 months ago* (last edited 3 months ago)

It is a triangle. The abstraction of lines in non-Euclidean geometry are geodesics and just like three lines form a triangle, so do the geodesics. If you walked along the earth's surface from the equator to the North Pole and back, taking 90 degrees angles every time, you will have felt that you made a triangle by walking straight in three directions.

The reason the angle sum can be more than 180 degrees is that the sphere has a positive curvature. If you want one with negative curvature and less than 180 degrees angle sum, try to make one on the side of the hole on a torus (look up its curvature if my explanation was lacking).

EDIT: Picture for reference:

[–] [email protected] 27 points 3 months ago (3 children)

Would the southern shape here also qualify as a triangle?

What if you went the short way instead of the long way, creating the spherical triangle people usually use - then is the "outside" portion of the triangle itself another triangle?

[–] [email protected] 10 points 3 months ago

Yes, that would be a different triangle. If you have 3 points on a sphere, there are multiple triangles that contain them as vertices.

[–] [email protected] 9 points 3 months ago

I didn't even think of that. Another good question!

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[–] [email protected] 27 points 3 months ago (2 children)

Yes, it has three corners and three edges. It is a triangle.

[–] towerful 8 points 3 months ago (3 children)

What if it had 3 corners and 4 edges? Or 4 corners and 3 edges?

[–] [email protected] 21 points 3 months ago* (last edited 3 months ago) (1 children)

If a shape has 3 corners and 4 edges, it is incomplete or open and therefore not a shape yet but a collection of edges (or possibly, two triangles that share an edge).

A shape with 4 corners and 3 edges is not possible. An edge cannot have a corner in the middle of it, that would make it two edges.

[–] towerful 2 points 3 months ago

I felt like adding something about the specific case of 180° between edges and a vertice.
Makes sense.
And I guess too many vertices means an open set of edges (ie not close, this not a shape).
I was kinda hoping for a strange edge case, like a mobius strip or Klein bottle.

I guess a mobius strip is a 2d representation of a 1d paradigm. And a klein bottle is a 3d representation of a 2d paradigm.
It would be too much to ask of a 1d representation of a ??d paradigm.

[–] [email protected] 5 points 3 months ago (2 children)

Why the down votes? Bro asking a question and being legit curious, don't be hating on someone that's looking to challenge what they know just because it's trivial to you.

[–] towerful 4 points 3 months ago

I feel my comment adds to the discussion and wants more details.
But it was too simply phrased.
I guess the details of such a question should be obvious. And if you need the details, the question doesn't actually add the the discussion... It just seems idiotic!

I felt like there might be a really cool scenario where a vertice isn't considered a vertice.
Like, there actually might be some case on a 2d plane "where actually" applies.
I'm fine being wrong

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[–] [email protected] 3 points 3 months ago (1 children)

I don't think that can be a thing.

[–] towerful 2 points 3 months ago

Yeh, seems not

[–] [email protected] 6 points 3 months ago (3 children)

It doesn't matter that the edges are curved?

[–] [email protected] 10 points 3 months ago (2 children)

If you were to walk this route along the surface of the earth, you would walk in perfectly straight lines apart from the three turns.

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[–] [email protected] 5 points 3 months ago (4 children)

They're not curved; the space they're embedded in is curved.

[–] [email protected] 3 points 3 months ago

The space itself has canonical curvature >.>

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[–] [email protected] 3 points 3 months ago

The edges curve in 3d space, but not relative to the sphere.

[–] [email protected] 15 points 3 months ago

There’s an entire field of science projecting shapes from the surface of a sphere onto a planar surface going back centuries.

Suffice it to say, I don’t know you’d have to talk to a map-nerd.

[–] murtaza64 14 points 3 months ago

Just noticed in euclidean geometry, for any two line segments touching at a point there is exactly one triangle you can draw, i.e. a triangle is uniquely described by any two of its legs. In spherical geometry, there are two choices for the third leg!

[–] [email protected] 13 points 3 months ago (2 children)

Two things I need to ask:

  • What inspired this question, exactly, and
  • Can I have some, please?
[–] [email protected] 13 points 3 months ago

I was reading Matt Parker's new trigonometry book and they made some remark about triangles in spherical geometry and I went "wait, what if you did this"

[–] [email protected] 3 points 3 months ago

There's a theory about Alice in Wonderland that Lewis Carroll was satirizing the absurdity of the increasingly abstract mathematics that was popping up at the time. Now, I don't think that theory holds weight--Alice in Wonderland doesn't need to be anything other than a whimsical children's book--but he did apparently write some things along those lines. This post is a pretty good example of something that would throw him into a rage.

[–] [email protected] 12 points 3 months ago
[–] [email protected] 9 points 3 months ago

Spherical geometry - good times...

Yep, it's a triangle. You can also make one with three right angles on a sphere!

[–] [email protected] 9 points 3 months ago

Yes and I hate it >:(

[–] [email protected] 7 points 3 months ago (2 children)

Doritos are triangles so sure

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[–] [email protected] 6 points 3 months ago (1 children)

The term you are looking for to describe such a shape is technically "spherical polygon". Triangles are impossible in speherical geometry since the sum of the angles would always be greater than 180°.

[–] [email protected] 41 points 3 months ago (3 children)

There is no rule that the angles of a triangle add to 180 degrees. It only holds true in Euclidean geometry, which this is not.

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[–] [email protected] 2 points 3 months ago* (last edited 3 months ago)

Well technically a line isnt a curve or vice versa. A possible projection of this 3d shape onto a 2D plane is a triangle, though, yes.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 3 months ago

Congratulations you just invented magenta

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