YUROP

The soviet republic collapsed in 1919 August, Horthy took power in Budapest in 1919 November, and the treaty was signed in 1920 June, so they already knew the communist rule was over. So I don't think so.

And how memory of this continues to influence modern views?

As 30% of Hungarians were affected someway, nearly everyone has some family story. One of my great grandparent was living in what is nowadays Slovakia, and he moved to Hungary because he doesn't wanted Czechoslovak nationality. There are still around a million Hungarians live in Romania, several hundred thousand in Slovakia and a smaller community in Serbia and Ukraine.

Nowadays only the most far right wingers are on this topic though, from all nations, e.g. Romanian nationalists destroy sometimes old Hungarian cemeteries, Hungarian assholes say stupid things all the time, and calling someone Romanian is still a bit degrading term in Hungary (e.g. if you call someone an Romanian asshole is more terrible than calling it simply asshole)

Most of us all in the EU so it doesn't really matter.

Later, the Soviet union extracted products and resources cheaply from its satellites - did this contribute to resentment of Ukraine as the transit country (I heard similar from Romanians)?

The border between Ukraine and Hungary is so small, so it didn't have as much effect on us than on Romanians, so I don't know about this. There is only one or too big border station at all.

Today, the rural - urban political divide is similar in many other corners of europe, or even usa. I just wonder why the power balance in this case seems to be skewed away from the younger educated ‘city people’ in Budapest - maybe also specific demographics relating to those borders ?

There is one different thing, Hungarian is not an Indo-European language. If you heard about how hard is to learn Hungarian, for us every other language is that difficult, so that's a huge reason why only 28% of Hungarian speaks at least one foreign language. And a lot of people who can speak languages just simply leave the country to Western Europe.

Fidesz owns nearly every Hungarian speaking media. So if you can't speak any other language, the chance to get real news of the world is really small, unless you specifically reach out to the remaining few free Hungarian news sources.

The urban rural divide exists here as well, but this language barrier skews this. At the 2022 election Fidesz got 40% even in Budapest, while it got 50-55% on the rural parts.