Just wanted to post an update, I was able to fix my issue by disabling Cloudflare and now federation seems to work fine for my instance. I'll leave this post up in case anybody else runs into my problem in the future.
Lemmy Support
Support / questions about Lemmy.
Are you using Docker?
I run behind Cloudflare and that's definitely not the problem. I had something similar when I was setting up and it was nginx not passing the true IP to Lemmy so it was hitting limits on requests from a single IP address.
Cloudflare shouldn't impact federation at all. I have my instance behind Cloudflare and it works fine. If disabling Cloudflare made it work for you, it might be that the DNS records did not have enough time to update. Or maybe it was HTTPS related and you needed to change some Cloudflare SSL/TLS settings.
When I set up my instance, I don't remember having any trouble with the Cloudflare proxy whatsoever. It's completely compatible with Lemmy.
Seconding this; Cloudflare should not create issues with federation unless your configuration at Cloudflare is blocking inter-server communication. This is more likely to be some other issue instead.