POV-Ray, perhaps? You give it a scene description text file and it will render a raytraced image of the scene for you. You'd need to find or write an appropriate scene description though for what you want to randomize.
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I've wasted so much time writing scenes for that thing and rendering them on my mighty 486...
Still got any fun renders from back then?
Nope, it's all gone to the great bit bucket in the sky...
No, I wish I did, but they disappeared many computers ago.
Thanks for the suggestion, but that's not the one.
Looks interesting, but that's also not what I'm looking for. Thanks though!
Could it perhaps have been Bryce 3D?
No, this was (from memory) a console application only. You specified output size, maybe a couple seed values, and the process after that was random.
I also thought it would be povray as this is what I was using on linux over two decades ago. Maybe this list could help you:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ray_tracing_software