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76
Encrypt whole system? (sh.itjust.works)
submitted 2 months ago by [email protected] to c/[email protected]
67 comments fedilink hide all child comments
 

My laptop isn't under my supervision most of the time. And I'd hate it if someone were to steal my SSD, or whole laptop even, when I'm not around. Is there a way to encrypt everything, but still keep the device in sleep, and unclock it without much delay. It's a very slow laptop. So decryption on login isn't viable, takes too long. While booting up also takes forever, so it needs to be in a "safe" state when simply logged out. Maybe a way that's decrypt-on-demand?

I'm on Arch with KDE.

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[–] sudo 39 points 2 months ago (5 children)

The standard route is to decrypt on boot. It happens after GRUB but before your display manager starts. IDK if there even is a setup that has you "decrypt on login". Thats sounds like your display manager (sddm for KDE) is decrypting system which is not possible IMO.

Unless your laptop somehow has multiple drives you'll want to use the "LVM on LUKS" configuration. 1 small partition for /boot. The rest gets LUKS encrypted, and an LVM group is put on the LUKS container. Or you could replace LVM with btrfs.

This will require wiping your system and reinstalling so you have some reading to do.

The arch-install script in the live iso has options for full disk encryption.

If you suspend to RAM your system will stay unencrypted, because your ram is not encrypted. if you suspend to disk (aka hibernate) your system will be encrypted. You go through the boot loader when waking from hibernation but it just drops you off where you left off.

You need a swapfile for hibernation so make sure its inside the LUKS container.

[–] [email protected] 10 points 2 months ago (1 children)

There is a way for just your home folder to be encrypted, Linux Mint has it as an option.

[–] sudo 3 points 2 months ago

Looks like they use eCryptFS. Never heard of it before so thats neat. I can see using it on systems where you can't reinstall the system with Dm-crypt but it most cases I suspect Dm-crypt is a better alternative.

Idk if its faster or slower than Dm-crypt.

[–] [email protected] 10 points 2 months ago

+1 for LVM on LUKS

[–] [email protected] 3 points 2 months ago (5 children)

To add to the comments, most distros do not offer FDE by default when installing. You have to jump thru hoops. No idea why this is still the case given how many consumer computers are laptops these days, it seems crazy.

The big exception seems to be PopOS, an Ubuntu derivative which is intended for laptops. FDE by default so it must be pretty easy to get that up and running.

Ubuntu itself has a solid FDE option on install, too. It sets up the LVM configuration as already described, no expertise needed. And IME works very reliably.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 1 month ago (1 children)

openSUSE also has a simple FDE setup. Just check a box and enter a passphrase during install. It's not default, but it's about as easy as possible to set up.

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[–] [email protected] 2 points 2 months ago

You technically could encrypt just your home but that's not the recommended approach.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 2 months ago (2 children)

okay I got my homework, I'll read on these.

[–] jwt 6 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago)

Keep in mind an unencrypted /boot partition still leaves you open to an evil maid attack. I'm not really paranoid (or interesting) enough that I feel the need to take measures to prevent those kinds of attacks, but your situation may differ.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 1 month ago

Dreams of Code on YouTube has a video for a full start to finish arch install specifically including full disk encryption. While my computer is far from “slow” it’s also nothing crazy, and other than adding a second password to my bootup process, the decrypting really doesn’t take long.

[–] [email protected] 20 points 2 months ago (2 children)

How old are we talking? If the CPU is >10 years old and/or some kind of ARM, it may not have hardware encryption acceleration, which means it'll happen in software. I did that once, it was horrible. lscpu |grep -i aes should probably tell you what you need to know.

[–] [email protected] 5 points 2 months ago

If you don't have hardware encryption you can use --cipher xchacha20,aes-adiantum option when running cryptsetup to make it way faster than standard aes cipher in software.

[–] [email protected] 3 points 2 months ago (4 children)

It does give me a result so I do have "aes". How can I use it?

We're talking an Intel i5-8350U. it has 16GBs of ram and 500GB of SSD.

[–] [email protected] 5 points 2 months ago (1 children)

That's not a slow laptop. I've been daily driving worse for years.

To protect the data from random thief just browsing through the files I still use ecryptfs. It only encrypts the home directory, and the keys are derived from my accounts password, so no extra hassle.

The encryption is weak by the current standards, and wouldn't stop a determined attacker, but it's 100% better than nothing, and I've never noticed any performance problems.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 months ago

I'm not planning on putting information on my laptop that I don't have to. Speed for a bit of security sounds good. I'll look into ecryptfs. And also into boot time, lots of you are screaming at me that it's a fast laptop. what how

[–] [email protected] 4 points 2 months ago

You said you're on Arch, you'll want to go through their docs which are solid: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dm-crypt/Encrypting_an_entire_system

[–] [email protected] 2 points 1 month ago* (last edited 1 month ago) (2 children)

That's pretty much my ThinkPad's Specs. Fine for almost all stuff I have to do on the go (expect CAD, don't try to run BricsCAD on the thing, it'll make you go crazy.)

I use full disk encryption on it, as on all my other devices, and it's fine, speed-wise. The SSD is NVME, not SATA, but I doubt the performance impact would be noticeable on a SATA SSD if that's what you've got.

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[–] [email protected] 2 points 2 months ago

That is absolutely not a slow laptop. If it takes a long time to boot there must be something wrong. I have a similar system that takes about ten seconds to boot.

Anyways, like others said, LVM with LUKS is the simplest. It uses your hardware to quickly decrypt the drive on boot. While it is running access to your data is protected by your login manager or lock screen.

[–] [email protected] 9 points 2 months ago

LUKS2 with a strong hash.

It will take a while to decrypt but it will so be worth it. You only have to enter the password once.

[–] [email protected] 8 points 2 months ago (1 children)

That’s a hard thing to do for a bunch of reasons. There’s someone else who went into em so I’m not gonna do that.

Unless something’s seriously wrong, it would probably be better to just make your laptop boot faster.

So, what’s your laptop, what kind of disk does it have and how long does it take to boot/login?

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 months ago (1 children)

Is your idea to do the easier decrypt on boot, and optimize the boot times?

I could probably do that, but someone else said that there is a decrypt on hibernate, seems better.

[–] [email protected] 3 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (1 children)

Yeah im thinking do “normal” decrypt on boot. It’ll be easier to troubleshoot and recover from if something goes wrong and there’s fewer pitfalls to deal with.

I also suspect that theres a problem with your computer because boot times have been pretty fast for many years now.

E: I just now saw that you’re using an eighth generation intel processor, plenty of ram and an ssd.

I have the same situation but a much older processor and my boot times from button press to desktop are ~10 seconds.

Unless your expectations for boot times are way out of line, you ought to have no problem using decrypt on boot.

One possibility is that your ssd has aged and is having to read those old system file blocks hundreds of times to get it right. Badblocks -n or spinrite level 2 or 3 scan fixes this problem.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 months ago (1 children)

I bought it used, so I'm interested in your last point. I've reinstalled it - first thing I did. Do SSDs slow down overtime? And there is a linux command to fix that? Sound crazy, can you elaborate?

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 months ago (5 children)

Yeah badblocks -n /dev/your_target_device launched from a different boot device.

You can’t run it from your install because it’s gonna read every block into memory and then write some crap to it and read it back to make sure the block works then write what was originally there back to it.

It’s really important that you check yourself before you wreck yourself with the badblocks command because you can destroy data if you use the wrong flags.

Another program that fixes that problem is spinrite. It costs money but it’s very useful and has a lot of good documentation.

Each cell in the ssd isn’t a digital “1” or “0” but a charge coupled device that stores a voltage. Over time that potential changes in a way that’s directly proportional to the number of read cycles and age of the data from first write. When it changes enough, the controller has to try to read it many times to get a sane result it can send down the bus.

That results in your ssd seeming slow.

How long does it take to boot though, and what do you expect?

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[–] [email protected] 5 points 2 months ago

LUKS2

[–] [email protected] 4 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (1 children)

Maybe systemd-homed is the solution you are looking for. The arch wiki has a page for it. And this can be better for your use case because only your home folder needs decryption and not the whole drive.

There is this to keep in mind since you are using KDE, but can be easily fixed: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Systemd-homed#Home_directory_remains_active_after_logging_out_of_Plasma

[–] [email protected] 2 points 2 months ago (1 children)

Sounds perfect. I'll need more sources to understand what it's doing and how to config it. Thanks!

[–] [email protected] 2 points 1 month ago (2 children)

Systemd has a good guide on how to use it https://systemd.io/HOME_DIRECTORY/

And they also have a guide on migrating a traditional user home to this. Do remember to take backups if going this route https://systemd.io/CONVERTING_TO_HOMED/

I personally used the arch wiki when I set it up https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Systemd-homed

There is not much config.

I think the command I used for my laptop was:

homectl create <name> --storage=luks --shell=/usr/bin/fish --member-of=wheel

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Systemd-homed#Creation

Gnome is working on a gui for this, but it will probably be a while until that is out. I feel like it is pretty safe to use the cli for this one.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 1 month ago (4 children)

Okay I just had a bit of freetime to test it: doesn't work.. if I log out or sleep, my home dir is still mounted. Meaning it's as good as nothing. Looked at the plasma fix, didn't work. I have a pretty good lead, that I need the topmost template from some wiki:

[Unit]
PartOf=graphical-session.target

Problem is, where in the world should I write this? I really don't expect you to know, but maybe I'm talking to a genius. The internet didn't help, or I used it wrong.

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[–] [email protected] 2 points 1 month ago* (last edited 1 month ago)

Hehe, Thank you. But by the time I'm reading this I've already done it. Got stuck on a couple or roadblocks, but figured it out. I got scared when I didn't "enable" the service just "start" it. I'm not safe(-ish enough). :D

edit: well not the plasma fix. wiki said if it's a problem I need to start something, and that something should be on by default. So I didn't do anything, maybe that's a problem

[–] [email protected] 4 points 2 months ago

I encrypt my disk with LVM on my Debian laptop. You'll need to reinstall your operating system, as you have to do special partitioning. If your device has a TPM, you can use Clevis to set it to auto-decrypt.

[–] [email protected] 4 points 2 months ago

https://theintercept.com/2015/04/27/encrypting-laptop-like-mean/

[–] [email protected] 3 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (1 children)

With an encrypted disk, you only need to enter the encryption password when you shutdown or restart. Suspending and ~~sleep~~ lock screen don't need your encryption password.

[–] [email protected] 5 points 2 months ago (1 children)

Suspending to disk usually requires a password on resume.

[–] [email protected] 1 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (1 children)

That's true for hibernation, but not suspending. Hibernation stores everything in RAM onto the disk then shuts off the PC; to resume the system, you need to unlock the disk to access that data. Suspending doesn't turn off the computer, it keeps the CPU and RAM active.

On my Fedora system, I can hit the suspend button and get back into the OS without needing to type my encryption password, only my user password.

[–] [email protected] 5 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) (2 children)

Ok so what do you call "sleep"? You've now listed suspending, sleeping, and hibernating as 3 different things.

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[–] [email protected] 3 points 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago)

Most filesystems now how encryption that is better optimized for their specific performance & might be worth choosing over LUKS… ZFS, Bcachefs, F2FS, ext4

[–] [email protected] 2 points 2 months ago

I use ZFS on my workstations with Debian, but yeah full drive is the way to go i think even Linux Mint does full drive anymore, also remember to keep backups.

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