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ようこそJapaneseLanguageへ！日本語に興味を持てば、どうぞ登録して勉強しましょう！日本語に関係するどのテーマ、質問でも大歓迎します。 This is a community dedicated to the Japanese language. Feel free to come in and ask questions or post your thoughts and opinions about this beautiful language.

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Remember that you can add furigana to your posts by writing ~{KANJI|FURIGANA}~ like:

~{漢字|かんじ}~ which comes out as:

{漢字|かんじ}

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Help me to better grasp ～ていた and ～た (lemmy.fmhy.ml)

submitted 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) by [email protected] to c/[email protected]

5 comments fedilink hide all child comments

For durative verbs this is quite easy for me to grasp:

鳩が見る: I will see a dove
鳩が見ている: I am seeing a dove
鳩が見た: I saw a dove
鳩が見ていた: I had been seeing a dove

But for perfective verbs — it is quite hard for me:
杪冬の前に雪が溶ける: Before the end of winter the snow will melt
杪冬の前に雪が溶けている: Before the end of winter the snow will already be molten
杪冬の前に雪が溶けた: Before the end of winter the snow melted
杪冬の前に雪が溶けていた: Before the end of winter the snow had already been molten

In both of the last cases before winter began the snow is already in a state of being molten as a result of the melting being complete. So I often make mistakes differentiating the last two cases and treating them as the same even though I consciously know the ～た emphasizes the action being completed and the ～ていた emphasizes the state change being already completed. Maybe someone can help?

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[–] [email protected] 4 points 1 year ago (1 children)

You should see this vídeo. https://youtu.be/8OHpKotJ3yQ It explains in a excellent way how to use ている. That channel explains a lot with good examples.

[–] [email protected] 3 points 1 year ago

Oh wow - thanks! The perfective is something I didn't study before I went, and I learned it from primarily hearing it in the negative (e.g. 宿題をまだやっていない？！ - mom to her kids). So, I was kind of familiar with the perfective but this crystalized it for me. I didn't know the 言っている nuances either.

That video is so helpful - thanks for linking!!