It can be both, and I'm not sure I see the distinction. It's a coping mechanism, and that's not actually an awful thing.

Growing up in church, nobody was creating hypotheticals and then trying to explain it using religion. It's just not what it was about. But I guess if you brought up babies with cancer, then yeah the "mysterious ways" argument would have been a prime cop out to avoid challenging faith too much.

Most commonly, people just wanted to know how to handle the (typically less hyperbolic) challenges in their own lives. They believed they were good and faithful and didn't understand why God would allow bad things to happen in their lives. Ultimately the "mysterious ways" line was just a coping mechanism, that came with advice to search for the silver linings, and think about past challenges and how they resolved, as evidence of the mysterious ways. Of course it also served to avoid challenging their faith too.

At the end of the day, religion has its very bad elements that I won't defend. But it's silly to ignore that for most people, they're looking for ways to interpret life in order to find meaning, or maybe cope with struggles. For myself, I'm not religious, but if I were trying to help a friend dealing with something difficult in life, I would still encourage them to look for silver linings and to reflect on past challenges. Not to use it as evidence for some god working in mysterious ways, but just to give them perspective to realize that they have the strength to overcome challenges.