this post was submitted on 21 Jun 2023
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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I'm running Gentoo on a 15-year-old laptop (HP Pavilion from 2008, Athlonx2 1.7GHz, 2GB RAM, 100GB HDD), but that's only practical if you're willing to let it compile things overnight. Anyway, based on my experience, you'll get a workable machine out of it, but large programs like modern web browsers will have a certain amount of startup lag.
If your laptop has a 64-bit CPU, any standard distro will probably work. If it's a 32-bit CPU, you'll need a distro that still supports that, of which Debian is probably the most popular (other options would be openSUSE, Mageia, and, yes, Gentoo). If this laptop was a lower-end machine 15 years ago, you may want to consider Puppy Linux.
You'll want a lighter or older desktop environment (MATE, TDE, XFCE, LXDE, maybe Lumina) or a plain window manager, as others have said—do not try to install current Gnome or KDE (so the main Ubuntu flavour is not a good choice).