this post was submitted on 20 Nov 2024
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ahhh ok I'm starting to understand now thank you!
Also for the exfat problem you encountered, I've read that the boot or EFI partition should be formatted with FAT32 or the similar FAT types (like FAT12?) as it's supported whereas the other file types are not mentioned, I'll add the link here if I can find it again
https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=236633
While this forum post wasn't the exact page I initially saw, the users there also states the same info
Yes that is true, but if you're using a detached LUKS (prob LUKS2) header then the USB drive isn't your boot partition and the file system type won't matter as much for that than the order of kernel modules loaded before boot.
Using a detached LUKS header appealed to me at the time because it has most of the same benefits as an encrypted boot partition like available with GRUB and GRUB at the time still only supported the first version of LUKS. Plus I was pretty confident in my ability to securely back up my LUKS header, so that if I traveled then I could grab a copy of the header remotely if the USB drive was somehow compromised. That way you can travel and not have to worry about your laptop or whatever revealing as much information about your FDE setup vs. if the LUKS header is on the internal drive, it still provides details about the encryption.