this post was submitted on 17 Feb 2024
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).

Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.

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We often get the same question with

"I'm new, what distro do you recommend?"

and I think we should make a list/ discussion on what is our pick for each person, and just link that post for them to give them an easy recommendation.

So I made a quick flow chart (will get polished as soon as I get your input) with my personal recommendations. It is on the bottom of the text, so you see the rest of the text here too.

I will also explain each distro in a few, short sentences and in what aspects they do differ and what makes them great.


Here are my "controversial" things I want to discuss with you first, as I don't want to spread nonsense:

Nobara

I don't know if we should recommend it as a good gaming distro. In my opinion, it's a highly insecure and experimental distro, made by one individual. I mean, sure, it gives you a slightly better experience ootb compared to vanilla Fedora, but:

  • As said, it's made by one single guy. If he decides to quit this project, many many people will just stop getting updates.
  • There are many security-things, especially SELinux, disabled.
  • It's severely outdated. Some security fixes take months until they arrive on Nobara.
  • It contains too many tweaks, especially kernel modifications and performance enhancers. Therefore, it might be less reliable.

I think, Bazzite is the way superior choice. It follows the same concept, but implements it in way better fashion:

  • Just as up-to-date as the normal Fedora, due to automatic GitHub build actions.
  • No burden of maintenence, either on the user or the dev side.
  • Fully intact security measures.
  • And much more.

Immutable distros

I'm a huge fan of them and think, that they are a perfect option for newcomers. They can't brick them, they update themselfes in the background, they take a lot of complexity compared to a traditional system, and much more. Especially uBlue and VanillaOS are already set up for you and "just work".
If you want to know more about image-based distros, I made a post about them btw :)

VanillaOS

It's the perfect counterpart for Mint imo. It follows the same principle (reliable, sane, easy to use, very noob friendly, etc.), but in a different way of achiving that.

The main problems are:

  • The team behind it isn't huge or well established yet, except for the development of Bottles.
  • They want to do many things their own way (own package manager, etc.) instead of just using established stuff.
  • The current release (V2, Orchid) is still in beta atm.

I see a huge potential in that particular distro, but don't know if I should recommend it at this point right now.

ZorinOS

I think, for people who don't like change, it's great, but it can be very outdated. What's your opinion on that distro? It looks very modern on the surface and is very noob friendly, but under the hood, very very old.

Pop!_OS

Same with that. Currently, there's only the LTS available, since System76 is currently very busy with their new DE. I don't know if we should recommend it anymore.


I made the list of recommendations relatively small on purpose, as it can be a bit overwhelming for noobs when they get a million recommendations with obscure distros.
Do you think that there are any distros missing or a bad recommendation?


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[–] [email protected] 32 points 9 months ago (3 children)

I feel like this should be more about DE choice than distro.

[–] [email protected] 8 points 9 months ago

Yes, I think it should end with a desktop environment (and why it was recommended), and then distros with good support of that DE (with one of them being the recommended distro for that category)

I really like the bottom Linux Mint recommendation tho, I would keep that

[–] [email protected] 6 points 9 months ago

This by a long shot, I agree.

[–] [email protected] 6 points 9 months ago
  1. Install debian
  2. Try some different DEs
  3. Profit
[–] [email protected] 27 points 9 months ago (1 children)
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[–] [email protected] 24 points 9 months ago (6 children)

I'm sorry if that's harsh, but my feedback would be: drop that chart!

It's daunting, it's going to freak out many newbies. Too much choice kills the choice.

You have one "default" at the bottom, Mint, so stick to that. Tell the newbies they can switch anytime to something else once they're a bit more comfortable with the Linux-world. And if I'm not mistaken, you can install and try the main DEs with Mint also. Or you can recommend Ubuntu, or any other newbie friendly distro. Just pick one and don't lose them over what they could see as an important difficult decision before they even get started.

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[–] darkmatternoodlecow 22 points 9 months ago (1 children)
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[–] [email protected] 15 points 9 months ago (1 children)

A few suggestions:

  • Start with a question of the user's technical proficiency. This is probably the biggest deciding factor for picking a distro, since some lean heavily toward technically-adept audiences and some are designed for people who've never used a computer before.

  • Include questions on device type, such as desktop/laptop. Using Linux on a laptop typically requires more research.

  • Instead of asking about Windows specifically, maybe ask "which OS are you most comfortable with?" with arrows for different versions of Windows, macOS, iOS, Android (and even Linux?).

  • Make every endpoint self-contained and unambiguous, with at least one concrete recommendation. Avoid vague statements like "use what you want", and avoid referring to other branches of the flowchart. If it makes sense to converge with other branches, use a labelled arrow to point to that branch instead (this will probably require curve support in your design tool to be legible).

  • Write each box in the form of a question, and label the arrows with answers to that question. I honestly have no idea how to read the "gaming focused" box because it has two bullet points and no indication of what each arrow means. I also can't tell how to read the "general purpose/gaming" box without reading down both paths. And why does the Bazzite box point to popOS? What does this mean? Clearer labels would help.

  • The red endpoints on the left could be in a single box, since they follow the same path. Alternatively, add more questions to that path to meaningfully differentiate each option. Same with the two clusters of blue endpoints on the right.

  • Be more explicit in the terms for use cases, since "general purpose" is a bit vague (I would consider gaming to fall under "general purpose", myself). You could have paths for e.g. "web browsing and office work", "gaming", "media creation", "software development or scientific computing". Some of these paths might converge later, and that's okay.

  • Move the "This is too complicated" box up top. It's funny and probably more useful there as a kind of "TL;DR". Since it's not related to Nvidia, its current placement is odd.

[–] [email protected] 4 points 9 months ago

Thank you for your very valuable and helpful criticism!
I like especially your "what OS are you the most comfortable with?"-question, that one is very great!

The rest is also very well thought out, I will implement it as best as I can! :)

[–] [email protected] 14 points 9 months ago (5 children)

You need to seriously up the contrast on those colors. Pink text on a slightly lighter pink text block is virtually unreadable.

[–] [email protected] 5 points 9 months ago

i agree, my eyes are pretty good, but this is not useable. funnily enough my chosen lemmy frontend (alexandrite) would fix the colors, but its too small to read; and when you open the image in a new tab to zoom in, the colors are unuseable.

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[–] [email protected] 12 points 9 months ago (1 children)

I think beginners spend too much time and effort on the "choose a distro" quest. Choosing a DE is far more important than that.

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[–] [email protected] 10 points 9 months ago

I can't read some text on there, you should make the image have a background since, at least my browser (firefox) seems to default to white for PNGs

[–] [email protected] 9 points 9 months ago (1 children)

while i find the colours you chose appealing, a bunch of the font colours are too close to stand out well over their backgrounds? there are a few that are genuinely hard to read-- some better contrast would help a lot also, the vertical column is a bit weird to follow? like, what's the process of going down after being asked about windows versions to get to gaming preference? it's a weird way to have the path work. even if you just put something like "i don't particularly care about windows" as the third option would help a little, i think?

sorry that's mostly about your graphic, and not the actual recommendations, lol

[–] [email protected] 4 points 9 months ago

The graph was just a quick sketch in my note-taking app Logseq.

I mainly wanted to know if the flowchart made sense. When I do it properly, I'll use a different software :)

[–] [email protected] 9 points 9 months ago (1 children)

People who think its too complicated won't make it to the bottom of the flow chart.

tl;Dr needs to go at the top, not the bottom. That's the point. They won't make it to the bottom.

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[–] [email protected] 9 points 9 months ago

I don’t have any specific beef with your chart but I do feel like we sometimes do a disservice to newbies by focusing on distros rather than the main desktop environments and what differentiates them. I wouldn't hesitate to recommend basically any of the Fedora spins or Debian-based distros to beginners.

The choice between KDE, Gnome, Cinnamon, etc. is much more consequential for a new user than DNF vs. Apt (especially in the Flatpak era).

[–] [email protected] 8 points 9 months ago (1 children)

Debian and OpenSUSE Tumbleweed should be in there somewhere.

[–] [email protected] 3 points 9 months ago* (last edited 9 months ago) (2 children)

Do you think that those are great beginner distros?

I think TW is a very good distro, but not specifically for beginners. In your opinion, what redeeming qualities does it have for that use case, compared to other, more well known distros out there? I especially think that the rolling release is not needed for the beginning.

For Debian, same thing. I mean, especially since the newest release, it's definitely a better ootb-experience than it was before, BUT:

  • the installer (first impression) is very ugly and needlessly complicated
  • Zorin has a similar release schedule, but looks better by default (Debian is very vanilla) and has some very useful tools for beginners specifically.
  • Debian is relatively lean, which might be good for intermediate and advanced users, but for noobs, I quite like the idea of "bloat", aka a lot of pre-installed software.
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[–] [email protected] 8 points 9 months ago (1 children)

You forgot "I want those cool socks" for arch Linux :P.

I think it's also worth noting that not everyone's coming to Linux for an easy time. Or essentially sometimes people are looking for the full experience like I did when I was younger. So it might be worth including path ways for those who want to compile everything themselves or even run so minimalist they essentially just using a terminal.

[–] [email protected] 3 points 9 months ago (2 children)

I quite like your idea, but I'm very afraid that if I also include Nix, Arch, Gentoo, etc., we increase the chance that some "I just want to play some games and do my school stuff"-person decides to go the route of frustration and pain.

I think we should mainly focus on "just works" and beginner friendly choices to give a good first impression, and if that's too lame for them, they can always go the other route.
But those cases are relatively rare I think?

I don't want to make the list of choices too big, as that could be overwhelming.

What do you think of including them completely separate and as honorable mentions with a big disclaimer?

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[–] [email protected] 7 points 9 months ago

Instead of "use anything" you could put in "Debian."

[–] [email protected] 6 points 9 months ago (3 children)

Is your computer weird or old (<x86-64v1, arm, etc) branch.

You’d be amazed how many 32 bit systems or core systems are out there. People have tons of arm shit now too…

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[–] [email protected] 6 points 9 months ago

sorry if this is harsh but this seems like kind of a waste of time when distrochooser.de exists? I think it'd make a ton of sense to link that in the sidebar but a wall of text (or a huge flow chart) is just gonna be skipped by the type of people who are asking what distro to use first instead of researching it themselves anyway. if someone's asking in a forum like Lemmy or even in discord servers, they usually just want quick answers. if we're gonna link them something instead of just saying "mint" or whatever, it should at least be something easily digestible like distrochooser.de

[–] [email protected] 6 points 9 months ago
[–] [email protected] 6 points 9 months ago (2 children)

My prefered OS is missing. Must be a bug. Plz add NixOS kthx

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[–] [email protected] 5 points 9 months ago (2 children)

BTW you got a bunch of weird distros no one has heard of and you don't have the champion of distros. "Do you know how to read and follow directions and do you like the stack overflow answers that are the shortest -> arch"

[–] [email protected] 5 points 9 months ago (4 children)

Here's a revised flowchart for you:

  • You need professional software like MS Word, Autodesk, Adobe, NI Circuit Design for collaboration with others > Stick with windows;
  • Any other case > Install Debian + GNOME + Software as Flatpaks. You'll get a rock solid system with the latest software;

Done.

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[–] [email protected] 5 points 9 months ago* (last edited 9 months ago)

What do you think about something like this? It's more of a "build your own sandwich" approach.

[–] [email protected] 5 points 9 months ago (1 children)
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[–] [email protected] 4 points 9 months ago

You need to limit the options.

Linux systems

  • Debian (stable, almost no bloatware, user unfriendly, apt)

  • ArchLinux (unstable, bleeding edge software, user unfriendly, pacman)

  • RHEL/ Fedora (semi-stable, newer software, relatively user friendly, dnf)

Then at max list 3 Systems that derive from each main OS.

Like

Debian: Ubuntu, Mint, PoP!OS ArchLinux: manjaro... Fedora: Nobara...

Where each should be user friendly to use. Also explain what stable means, like that unstable doesn't mean shit breaks on a regular basis but rather it can sometimes happen. Normal desktop users don't need the stability of Debian. But it is nice to have if you can live with outdated software (if it isn't already on flatpak).

[–] [email protected] 4 points 9 months ago

As long as Mint is at the top I don't care what's underneath 😁

[–] [email protected] 4 points 9 months ago* (last edited 9 months ago) (2 children)

What about recommending something like MX Linux if someone has an old laptop lying around and wants to revive it, and get into Linux this way?

And the question "Win 7 was the last good version" made me laugh. I remember the old times. All the viruses on XP... but it used to crash way less that it's predecessors. Vista which was super slow and annoying. Feels like they're making some progress since 7. (Okay, now they're adding more and more data collection and annoyances to it.) But if I look back to Windows 7... I'm not feeling nostalgia 😆

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[–] [email protected] 4 points 9 months ago (1 children)

ZorinOS

I think, for people who don't like change, it's great, but it can be very outdated. What's your opinion on that distro? It looks very modern on the surface and is very noob friendly, but under the hood, very very old.

It's great for people who have simple requirements and older hardware. Basically for folks who just want to use a PC for basic computing tasks like Web browsing, emails, document editing, printing/scanning etc. The thing about Zorin is that it uses a traditional UI/UX which is easily to navigate for non-technical people, and it's stable enough that you almost never run into any issues (assuming you're sticking with standard distro packages and config).

My elderly parents have been using Zorin for several years now and they've never had a issue. The only time they called me was to help install their new printer last year (which was reasonably easy to install), and that was it.

So I'd recommend Zorin for anyone who has very basic computing needs, and they are not using a brand new/high-end PC.

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[–] [email protected] 4 points 9 months ago

I use Zorin OS for my laptop that's gotta be at least 15+ years but still kicking it. Outlasted the newer laptop I bought that was only 5 years old.

As someone who is only mildly into tech, Zorin is certainly familiar and I would probably recommend it to people.

I downloaded Gallium OS for my mom on her Chromebook, that's perhaps another important consideration to make...what laptop someone has.

[–] [email protected] 3 points 9 months ago* (last edited 9 months ago) (1 children)

I really like that you want to spend time and effort into exploring this problem formulation.

At first you need to formulate the problem and the current setting and goal.

  1. A user searches a distro and has a minimum requirement demand.
  2. What are the necessary tools a distro must have in order to fit the demand of the user?
  3. The goal is to find a distro that fits the demand, at least the minimum.
  • Does the user start with a computer or will he buy a new one?
  • what are all requirements?
  • which distro fits those requirements, which doesn't, and why? Is it a out of the box problem or is just a package missing?

it's very difficult

[–] [email protected] 3 points 9 months ago (1 children)

Imo, First requirement should be that it has to automatically boot, always. If a distro is not able to ensure this without major user input it's not a state of the art distro. Any system has to boot always. You shall never be left with a broken system.

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[–] [email protected] 3 points 9 months ago (3 children)

Something I don't see mentioned often is what OS they are coming from. Linux mint is often recommend and assumes they are coming from Windows. MacOS users will probably feel more at home with a Gnome DE.

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