this post was submitted on 13 Dec 2023
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The root filesystem mounted fine. That's why the init is starting with all the services on the root disk.
Not necessarily. I've seen failures like this if the boot partition works, but fails to mount the root partition. systemd then fails to proceed, and shuts down the running services.
systemd daemons are configured via /etc/systemd, and systemd itself lives in /usr/lib/systemd/systemd. How can systemd run or start the configured services without the root disk mounted? The initrd (from the boot partition) only contains enough of an environment to call the entrypoint for the init system, not contain the entirety of systemd (or the configured services).
Initrd contains the systemd binary and enough libraries, services, and kernel modules to get booted this far. The system failed at switch root which is where the real root disk is mounted. Initrd can contain as much or as little as needed to get a working system which can be a lot of you are using a network filesystem as a root for instance.